7）作者态度。
此题需要读者根据作者选用的一些词汇、句式、引用的一些有关人士的话语等各个方面的线索来判断。
例：常见出题形式
Which of the following may best describe the author’s attitude toward________?
What is the author’s attitude toward________?
8）作者观点。
此题同样需要读者根据作者选用的一些词汇、句式、引用的一些有关人士的话语等各个方面的线索来判断。
例：常见出题形式
According to the author, which of the following is true?
As far as ________ is concerned, the author believes that
在议论文中，作者的观点往往比较难以分辨。而在说明文中，作者的观点比较明显。但是，如果涉及对立双方的观点的陈述，就需要根据作者的措辞等等来判断。
9）作者语气（态度）。
此题需要读者根据作者选用的一些词汇、句式等来判断。
例：常见出题形式
Which of the following may best describe the author’s tone?
通常选项为：practical, objective, business-like, subjective, optimistic, pessimistic, expectant等。
10）推论。
所谓推论是指由具体到一般，由表象到实质，由因到果，由前项到后项或与之相反。通常在文章中明确提到的（有时可能文中线索和选项会出现不同的表达方式），不能看作是推论。
例：常见出题形式
Which of the following inferences is true according to the text?
From the text/ the second paragraph it can be inferred/ we may learn that
In the second paragraph the author implies that
It is implied in the second paragraph that
注意：当题干中出现learn from the passage之类的意义时，可能出现两种情况：一是涉及文章中具体事实的判断，二是可能需要根据文章中的线索推论。
例：（94年考题第三篇第四题）
From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children _____.
[A] is now enjoying legal support
disagrees with the tradition of the country
[C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders
[D] will exert great influence over court decisions
解: [A]根据最后一段最后两句意义归纳。
11） 归纳。
可以是全文大意的归纳，也可以是作者观点的归纳，或者一段或数段意义的归纳。
例：（94年考题，第一篇阅读材料）
According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by _______.
[A] private property and rights concerned
manpower and natural resources control
[C] ownership of productive resources
[D] free contracts and prices
解: A. ( 概括题 )
A 最全面, 包括了B, C, D.
12）应用题。
此类题需要读者根据从文章中了解到的思想、观点、方法来判断选项。选项的内容应该是文章中未提到的。但是正确选项应该符合文章中的思想、观点或方法。
例：常见出题形式
According to Mr. Johnson, which of the following is correct?
Which of the following may best support Mr. Johnson’s argument?
Which of the following may the author most probably support / agree to?
例：1995年考题第二篇第一题。
A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when _______.
[A] he has given up his smoking habit.
he has made great efforts in his work
[C] he is keen on learning anything new
[D] he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
查读线索：“generally believed …personal growth”
文中线索：第一段第二句及后边的例子。
表面上看是T/F 问题，实际上是一个应用题。根据第二句意义，再根据其后的发展句（事例：工人得到提升，学生的成绩得到改善，学会一门外语），可以看出personal growth as an external result or product是指经过努力之后所取得的可以分辨和衡量的具体结果。因此判断[A]项（戒烟。文章中并没有提到）也可算作经过努力之后所取得的可以分辨和衡量的具体结果，也可以看作是personal growth。
