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5:考研阅读

5:考研阅读

4) 综合理解。
这类题要求考生根据文章中多处而不是一处的线索来作出判断。
例:常见出题形式
Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

5) 段落大意。
考查对一个段落的主旨大意的理解。考查的段落可以有一个明确陈述的主题句,也可以没有一个明确陈述的主题句,而需要读者自己去根据全文意义框架或其他线索归纳。
例:常见出题形式
What is the purpose of the second paragraph?
In the second paragraph, the author aims to indicate that
What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
例:1995考题第三篇第四题
We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.
[A] it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible
people should make the best use of the information accessible
[C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information
[D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
解:D (全段主旨)
混淆点:如何判断最后一段(没有明显的主题句)中最重要的思想?由于是最后一段,带有明显的总结特点,需要结合全文意义框架来理解。全文主要是关于信息传输方式与手段的变化。在第四段,作者提到了信息轰炸(to bombard people with multitudes of messages),提到人们现在可以获得的信息比以前多得多了。下一段(最后一段)的第一句虽然提到了信息需求的重要性,但是第二句无论从句子的长度还是意义的分量来看都是作者在此段中最强调的(Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed)。最后一句知识全文的结尾句而已。
结合上下文及背景知识,可以发现,最后一段中最重要的信息是accurate, reliable up-to-date information。因此判断选择[D]项,此项既表明了信息的重要性,又提到了needed,efficiently,与本段第二句中的思想对应:vital— “greatest importance”, needed — “to solve the day to day problems”, efficiently — “accurate, reliable”。[A]项重点在as much knowledge as possible,项侧重the best use,可是本段重点不在如何利用,而在获取有用的信息。[C]项明显不对。

6) 全文主旨。
此题既可考查读者对全文大意的归纳能力,也可以考查读者对作者真实意图或目的的理解。如果是意义框架相对完整的一篇短文,如果文体是说明文或议论文,通常可以在第一段找到有关全文主旨的线索。当然还要参考全文大意来判断,看看第一段中哪个论断是本文主要发展支持的论断。如果不是意义框架相对完整的短文,而只是某篇文章的几个选段,就应该先看看每段的开头和结尾,得出每段的大意,然后看哪个选项最能概括出几个段落的意义。涉及全文主旨,作者态度和作者语气的题目,最好在读完全文后再去处理。
例:常见出题形式
The text aims to indicate that
Which of the following may best show the purpose of the author?
The author writes the text in order to demonstrate that
例:(94年考题第三篇第三题)
This passage mainly deals with _______.
[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities
the definition of exceptional children in modern society
[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children
[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children
解: D. (全文主旨) 根据第一段意义,结合全文大意,可以判断[D]项对。

如何分辨考全文主旨时的混淆项?可以推想:如果按照一般写作思路,这篇文章应该如何写?然后对照看看本文思路是这样的吗?

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