《英美概况》

I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:

1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.

A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis

C. the Cotswolds D. the Forth

2. The longest river in Britain is _____.

A. the Clyde B. the Mersey

C. the Severn D. the Thames

3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.

A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water

C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District

4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?

A. England B. Scotland

C. Wales D. Northem Ireland

5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.

A. Europe B. the United States

C. Africa D. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan 6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.

A. the Normans B. the Celts

C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons

7. British Recorded history began with _____.

A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest

C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion

8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.

A. John B. James I

C. Egbert D. Henry I

9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.

A. 1056 B. 1066

C. 1006 D. 1060

10. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.

A. Windsor B. Tudor

C. Malcolm D. Plantagenet

11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.

A. Henry III B. the Pope

C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort

12. The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.

A. 1337, 1453, Flanders B. 1337, 1453, Calais

C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt D. 1346, 1453, Brest

13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.

A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor B. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor

C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor

14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.

A. England, 14 B. England, 15

C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 15

15. The English Civil War is also called _____.

A. the Glorious Revolution B. the Bloody Revolution

C. the Catholic Revolution D. the Puritan Revolution

16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the laceName w:st="on">NewlaceName> laceType w:st="on">LandlaceType>.

A. 1620, London B. 1620, Plymouth

C. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth

17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.

A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois Revolution

C. the Wars of the Roses D. the Religious Reformation

18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.

A. Canada B. Australia

C. India D. Newfoundland

19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:

A. Edward VIII B. Edward VII

C. George VI D. George VII

20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.

A. 1957 B. 1967

C. 1973 D. 1979

AD:甲醛气体检测仪、探测器、报警器

21. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.

A. 1900 B. the First World War

C. the Second World War D. 1960

22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.

A. inflation, growth B. growth, inflation

C. growth, divorce D. growth, birth

23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.

A. the exhaustion of old mines B. costly extraction

C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage

24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.

A. developing countries B. other Commonwealth countries

C. other developed countries D. EC

25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.

A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Queen

C. the Archbishop of Canterbury D. the Prime Minister

26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.

A. five, 600 B. five, 650

C. five, 651 D. four, 651

27. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.

A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons

B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords

C. the Queen, the House of Commons

D. the Queen, the House of Lords

28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.

A. the Queen B. the Cabinet

C. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons

29. The sources of British law include _____.

A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law

B. statutes, common law and equity law

C. statutes, common law and European Community law

D. a complete code and statutes

30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.

A. the judge, the jury B. the judge, the judge

C. the jury, the jury D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury

31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.

A. Magistrates’ courts B. Youth courts

C. district courts D. The Crown Court

32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.

A. the England secretaries B. the Scottish Secretaries

C. Northern Ireland Secretaries D. the Home Secretary

33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.

A. 1948, Acts of Parliament B. 1958, Acts of Parliament

C. 1948, the Bill of Rights D. 1958, the Bill of Rights

34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.

A. war pension B. child benefit

C. family credit D. unemployment benefit

35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.

A. the lord Chancellor B. the Prime Minister

C. the Speaker D. the ministers of all departments

36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.

A. independent schools B. junior schools

C. independent schools D. primary schools

37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.

A. 900 B. 290

C. 90 D. 50

38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.

A. receive completely free education

B. receive parly free education

C. receive no free education if their families are rich

D. receive no free education at all

39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.

A. largest B. second largest

C. third largest D. fourth largest

40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.

A. the Mississippi B. the Missouri

C. the Hudson D. the Ohio

41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.

A. the Potomac B. the Columbia

C. the laceName w:st="on">Rio GrandelaceName> laceType w:st="on">RiverlaceType> D. the Colorado

42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.

A. Yale B. Harvard

C. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.

A. the American West B. the Great Plains

C. the Midwest D. the Middle Atlantic States

44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.

A. agricultural B. industrial

C. manufacturing D. mining in dustry

45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.

A. separate educational facilities had been illegal

B. educational facilities had been separate but equal

C. educational facilities had been equal

D. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal

46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.

A. 1882 B. 1883

C. 1900 D. 1924

47. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.

A. Ireland/France B. England/China

C. Scotland/England D. England/Netherland

48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.

A. early settlers B. Puritans

C. native Indians D. black slaves

49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.

A. two B. three

C. four D. five

50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.

A. gold mines B. silver mines

C. coal mines D. copper mines

51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.

A. James Madison B. Thomes Jefferson

C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Washington

52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.

A. the First Continental Congress

B. the Second Continental Congress

C. the Third Continental Congress

D. the Constitutional Convention

53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.

A. Saratoga B. Gettysburg

C. Trenton D. Yorktown

54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.

A. the Articles of Confederation B. the Bill of Right

C. the Civil Rights D. Federalist Papers

55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.

A. New Mexico B. the laceName w:st="on">LouisianalaceName> laceType w:st="on">TerritorylaceType>

C. Kansas D. Ohio

56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.

A. Paul Revere B. John Locke

C. Cornwallis D. Frederick Douglass

57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.

A. Germany, France and Japan B. France, Japan and Britain

C. Germany, Italy and Britain D. German, Italy and Japan

58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.

A. economy/political B. social/political

C. economy/social D. political/cultural

59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.

A. Germany B. Austro-Hungary

C. Ottoman D. Russia

60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”

A. economy B. politics

C. society D. democracy

答案呢

答 案

I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D

6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D

11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D

16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C

21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A

31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D 71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. D

答 案

I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D

6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D

11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D

16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C

21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A

26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A

31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D

41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D

46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A

51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B

56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. D

61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D

66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D 71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. D

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.

2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.

3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.

4. In the mid-5^th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them, the _____ gave their name to English people.

5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.

6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.

7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.

8. _____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.

9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to ______ million by the end of the 14^th century.

10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______ farmers.

11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.

12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported _______.

13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.

14. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and ______.

15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former were the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.

16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.

17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” of the world.

18. During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.

19. In 1974 and 1977, the two ______ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.

20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _______.

21. _______ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.

22. New industries in Britain include______, ______ and other high-tech industries.

23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official ______, with its own leader and “______ cabinet”.

24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.

25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.

26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _____ of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt.

27. The jury usually consists of _______ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _____ persons in Scotland.

28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _______.

29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _____, national insurance and ______.

30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.

31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and _____.

32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.

33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.

34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____ centuries.

35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49^th and 50^th states.

36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada.

37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.

38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.

39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.

40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.

41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.

42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.

43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year.

44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in _____.

45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ______.

1. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ______.

2. The United States has long been known as a nation of ______, because many of its people descend from settlers who came from all over the world.

3. The largest immigration movement did not take place until _______.

4. The most important obstacle to Hispanic success in the labour market is their ______.

5. _________ is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the American War of Independence.

6. The Union Army defeated the Confederate army at ______, Pennsylvania and it was the turning point of the Civil War.

7. In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called ______.

8. The last war between the United States and Britain was fought between _____ and 1814.

9. ______, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution in December, 1865.

10. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established _____ colonies along the east coast of North America.

11. The name of American Indian was given by _______.

12. ________ was the magic word that drew people to America.

13. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was _______.

14. _______ and his Model T helped the Unites States to move on the way to becoming a nation on wheels.

15. At the beginning of the Great Depression, the first blow to the stock market came on October 24, 1929, called ______.

16. During the Second World War, the postponement of the opening of __________ was a reflection of the desire not to give the Soviet Union the possibility of quick expansion.

17. During the First World War the U.S. persued a policy of _____.

18. As a result of WWI, the U.S. had changed from a debter nation to be a ______ nation.

19. ________ means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.

20. In 1946, George Kennan sent a long telegram the State Department and suggested the ________ policy towards the Soviet Union.

21. In 1947, George Marshall announced the ________ to provide economic aid to Western Europe.

22. In 1948, the Soviet Union started _______. As a reaction, the United States employed airlift to support West Berlin.

23. Senator ________ launched an anti-Communist hysteria in the early 1950s.

24. In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested and fined, _________ led the boycott of the bus company in Montgomery, Alabama.

25. China and the United States established their diplomatic relations in January _________.

26. When the Korean war broke out in 1950, Truman sent the ________ to Taiwan Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan.

27. __________ is America’s most important food crop.

28. The United States has a __________ economy with a dominant private sector.

29. In the early 1980s, under the _________ Administration, the traditional Keynesian approach was replaced by new monetarits policies.

30. The State of _________ now has surpassed New York as the most populous state.

31. The American economy is characterized by a high degree of _______, which means mean of the nation’s basic industries are represented by only a few major corporations.

32. The economic system of the U.S. is mainly _________ owned.

33. The U.S. government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive and ________.

34. If no presidential candidate has a majority votes in the election; the Constitution stipulates that the decision shall be made by ________.

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. highlands, lowlands 2. west 3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts 4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles 5. Hastings 6. feudal 7. Domesday Book, 1086 8. Thomas Becket 9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill
19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education

34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the Continental Divide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace 43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-Americans

III. Explain the following terms.

1. the Hardian’s Wall:

2. Alfred the Great

3. William the Conqueror

4. the battle of Hastings

5. Domesday Book

6. the Great Charter

7. the Hundred Years’ War

8. Joan of Arc

9. the Black Death

10. the Wars of Roses

11. Bloody Mary

12. Elizabeth I

13. Oliver Cromwell

14. the Bill of Rights

15. Whigs and Tories

16. James Watt

17. Winston Churchill

18. Agribusiness

19. the British Constitution

20. Queen Elizabeth II

21. the Opposition

22. the Privy Council

23. common law

24. the jury

25. the NHS

26. comprehensive schools

27. public schools

28. the Great Lakes

29. New England

30. baby boom

31. the Chinese Exclusion Act

32. the Bill of Rights

33. the Emancipation Proclamation

34. the Constitutional Convention

35. the Progressive Movement

36. the Peace Conference

37. the Truman Doctrine:

38. the Marshall Plan

39. the New Frontier

40. checks and balances:

IV. Answer briefly the following questions:

1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?

2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death?

3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?

4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?

5. What do you know about the English Renaissance?

6. Why did the Restoration take place?

7. How did the “Glorious Revolution” break out? What was the significance of it?

8. What is your comment on land enclosures in England?

9. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed?

10. What do you know about the Chartist Movement and the People’s Charter? What’s your comment on them?

11. How did the Labour Party come into being?

12. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain?

13. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?

14. What are the main functions of Parliament?

15. Why do the criminal convicts like to be tried first before the magistrates’ courts?

16. What does the civil courts system do?

17. What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain?

18. What is the most important established Church in Britain? How is it related to the Crown and linked with the State?

19. What distinguishes the Open University from all other British Universities?

20. Say something about the three immigration waves.

21. Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?

22. What were the causes of the War of Independence?

23. What was unusual about the Article of Confederation? What was the struggle at the Constitutional Convention? How was the conflict solved?

24. Why did the Civil War break out? How did the war end?

25. What were the contents of the New Deal?

26. What was the impact of the Vietnam War-on American society?

27. Who was McCarthy and what was McCarthyism?

28. What is counterculture? What are some of the forms of counterculture?

29. What are the functions of the Congress?

30. What are some of the characteristics of American education?