.The primary function of the vocal organs is to .

a) produce sounds

b) fulfill the basic biological needs of breathing and eating

c) drink water

d) speak

3. Semantic change plays a very important role in .

a) widening the vocabulary of a language

b) narrowing the sounds of a language

c) the adjustments of the syntax

d) none of the above

4. The negative prefix of the word SYLLABIC is .

a) DIS

b) IN

c) IL

d) IR

5. According to Chomsky’s innateness hypothesis, LAD means

a) Language Authorisation Device

b) Language Acquisition Device

c) Language Appraisal Demo

d) Language Acquisition and Distribution.

6. Restricting a word to a specific sense is called .

a) broadening

b) expanding

c) defining

d) narrowing

7. The process of word formation CLASS SHIFT is also known as

a) broadening

b) conversion

c) deletion

d) addition.

AD:氟气气体检测仪、探测器、报警器

Morpheme is the smallest unit of a .

a) word and sound

b) sound

c) word

d) none of the above

9. Synonym is the technical name for .

a) the sameness relation

b) the different relation

c) the correct relation

d) different and correct relation

10. The pair of words BUY and SELL comes under the category of .

a) complementary autonomy

b) gradable autonomy

c) decisive autonomy

d) converse autonomy

11. The three major strands of psycholinguistic research are

.

a) comprehension ,revision and observation of a language

b) listening ,reading and writing skills of a language

c) comprehension, production and acquisition of a language

d) none of the above

12. The word GARDENPATH is connected with

a) ambiguous sentences

b) different sentences

c) long sentences

d) short sentences

13. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis mainly deals with

a) syntax relativity

b) semantic relativity

c) linguistic relativity

d) none of the above

The condensed form of a simile is called .

a) synecdoche

b) metaphor

c) metonymy

d) oxymoron

15. QUATRAINS means .

a) stanzas of 4 lines

b) stanzas of 5 lines

c) stanzas of 7 lines

d) stanzas of 10 lines

16. CAI means .

a) Computer Acoustics Instruction

b) Central Auditory Instruction

c) Computer Assisted Instruction

d) Chinese Auditory Instruction

17. Syllabus is the planning of a .

a) course of instruction

b) course of deviation

c) course of identification

d) course of significance

18. What is communicated of the feelings and attitudes

of the writer and the speaker is .

a) connotative meaning

b) reflected meaning

c) affective meaning

d) thematic meaning

19. LABIODENTAL sounds are produced with the help of .

a) tongue tip and the alveolar ridge

b) upperfront teeth

c) lowerfront teeth

d) lowerlip and the upperfront teeth

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20. Linguistics is a systematic study of .

a) literature

b) language

c) physics

d) human beings’ mind

Define the following 10 linguistic terms and give suitable examples if necessary.( 30 points)

1. Collocative meaning

2. Interpersonal function

3. World Englishes

4. Fossilization

5. Case Grammar

6. Achievement Test

7. Morphophonology

8. Interlanguage

9. Concord

10. Conversation

IV. Briefly explain the following 5 pairs of linguistic terms and give suitable examples if necessary.(30 points)

1) Competence and performance

2) Variable and invariable words

3) Freemorpheme and boundmorpheme

4) Empathy and sympathy

5) First person narrator and third person narrator

V. Write an essay on the following topic (600 to 800 words). Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. (At least 5 cultural factors should be discussed.) ( 40 points)

Discuss cultural factors that influence learning and teaching of English as a foreign language in China.

三 峡 大 学

2004年研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：英美文学及比较文学

（答案必须写在答题纸上）

I. Choose the One that best completes the sentence. (20 points)

(Write your answer on the answer sheet)

1. Who is the only American poet to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey?

a. Edagr Allan Poe b. Ezra Pound

c. Walt Whitman d. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

2. The novel The Gilded Age was written by _________.

a. Charles Dickens b. Herman Melville

c. Samuel Langhorne Clemens d. Jack London

3. Thomas Hardy was good not only at writing Novel, but also at writing _________.

a. essays b. plays

c. poems d. short stories

4. The following authors are famous English critical realist novelists except _________.

a. William M. Thackeray b. Charles Dickens

c. Mrs. Gaskell d. Walter Scott

5. In A Tale of Two Cities, the "two cities" refer to London and _________.

a. Dublin b. Paris

c. New York d. Vienna

“ ___________” is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author Dickens in which the early life of the hero is largely based on the author's own

1. life.

a. Oliver Twist b. Little Dorrit

c. Great Expectations d. David Copperfield

7. The Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge was published in ________.

a. 1789 b. 1798

c. 1829 d. 1903

8. Both John Bunyan and William Makepeace Thackery once wrote ________.

a. Paradise Lost b. Of Studies

c. Vanity Fair d. Oliver Twist

9. The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,/ If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? This is from ________.

a. Shelley's Ode to the West Wind b. Keat's Ode to a Nightingale

c. Byron's The Isles of Greece d. Milton's Paradise Lost

10. The Novel "_______" describes a country where disease is considered to

be a kind of crime while theft and other vices are considered to be diseases.

a. News from Nowhere b. Erewhon Revisited

c. The Way of All Flesh d. Erewhon

11. _______ is the representative of Aestheticism and Decadence in English literature.

a. R. L. Stevenson b. Oscar Wilde

c. Samuel Butler d. Charles Dickens

12. Which of the following novels does not belong to the "stream of consciousness"

school of novel writing?

a. Ulysses b. Mrs. Dalloway

c. The Rainbow d. To the Lighthouse

13. "One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk" (Ode to a Nightingale)

Lethe is the river of _______.

a. happiness b. sleep

c. memory d. forgetfulness

14. Which of the following plays written by George Bernard Shaw deals with the problem of correct pronunciation in English language learning?

a. Widowers' Houses b. Pygmalion

c. Mrs. Warren's Profession d. Major Barbara

15. The following writers were awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature except ______.

a. G. B. Shaw b. T. S. Eliot

c. Emily Brontë d. John Galsworthy

16. "Please, Sir, I want some more."

The master was a fat, healthy man, but he turned very pale…

This description is from ______.

a. Oliver Twist b. A Modest Proposal

c. Tom Jones d. Hard Times

17. "When little birds are busy with their song/Who sleep with open eyes the whole night long/Life sirs their hearts and tingles in them so,”

This means the birds cannot sleep at night because they ____________.

a. keep singing the whole night b. are excited by the beauty of nature

c. have a heart full of love d. are busy with picking seeds

18. “Because I could not stop for Death__/ He kindly stopped for me___/ The Carriage held but just Ourselves __/And Immortality.”

Who wrote this stanza?

a. William Wordsworth b. Emily Dickinson

c. Robert Frost d. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

19. John Keats loved literature so much that he soon abandoned _________to devote himself to poetry.

a. business b. painting

c. medicine d. philosophy

20. The first successful novel of Charles Dickens is "____________".

a. David Copperfield b. Oliver Twist

d. The Old Curiosity Shop d. The Pickwick Papers

I. Find the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.(20 points)

(Write your answer on the answer sheet)

1. ( ) Edmund Spenser A. Women In Love

2. ( ) Oliver Goldsmith B. Sense and Sensibility;

3. ( ) Laurence Sterne C. Queen Mab

4. ( ) Daniel Defoe D. Young Goodman Brown

5. ( ) Henry Fielding E. The Portrait of A Lady

6. ( ) George Gordon Byron F. The Sound and the Fury

7. ( ) Percy Bysshe Shelley G. The Great Gatsby

8. ( ) Jane Austen H. For Whom the Bell Tolls

9. ( ) Sir Walter Scott I. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

10. ( ) Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell J. The Faerie Queene

11. ( ) George Eliot K. Ivanhoe

12. ( ) John Galsworthy L. Mary Barton

13. ( ) Washington Irving M. The Forsyte Saga

14. ( ) Nathaniel Hawthorne N. Robinson Crusoe

15. ( ) Henry James O. Tom Jones

16. ( ) Theodore Dreiser P. The Vicar of Wakefield

17. ( ) Scott Fitzgerald Q. A Sentimental Journey

18. ( ) Ernest Hemingway R. American Tragedy

19. ( ) William Faulkner S. Middlemarch

20. ( ) David Herbert Lawrence T. Rip Van Winkle

III. Read the following excerpts and answer the following questions (30 points)

(Write your answer on the answer sheet)

A. I cannot see what flowers are at my feet,

Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs,

But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet

Wherewith the seasonable month endows

The grass, the thicket, and the furit-tree wild;

White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine;

Fast fading violets cover'd up in leaves;

And mid-May's eldest child,

The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine,

The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves.

Questions:

1. Who is the writer of this poem?

2. This stanza is taken from a well-known ode. What is the title of this poem?

3. This stanza consists of 10 lines of iambic verse and the rime scheme is _____.

4. What kind of images have the poet given us in this stanza?

B. Neat was her wimple in its every plait,

Her nose well formed, her eyes as gray as slate.

Her mouth was very small and soft and red.

She had so wide a brow I think her head

Was nearly a span broad, for certainly,

She was not undergrown, as all could see.

Questions:

5. The above lines of poetry are taken from a famous poem. What is the title of it?

6. Who is the writer of this poem?

7. What kind of metrical form is used in the poem?

8. The description is about a young beautiful lady. Do you think Chinese people describe beauty of a lady just like this? Write some sentences about the comparison.

C. Helen, thy beauty is to me

Like those Nicëan barks of yore,

That gently, o’er a perfumed sea,

The weary, way-worn wanderer bore

To his own native shore.

Questions:

9. What is the title of the poem?

10. Who is the author of it?

11. Explain the stanza in your own words.

IV. Choose any six of the following and tell briefly what you know about each. (30 points)

(Write your answer on the answer sheet)

1. Romanticism

2. Lost Generation

1. Heroic Couplet

2. Ballad

3. Blank Verse

4. Narrative Poem

5. Epic

6. Sonnet

7. Shylock

8. Hamlet

11. Leaves of Grass

12. The Old Man and the Sea

V. Discuss the following questions and write a short critical essay on each one. (50%)

(Write your answer on the answer sheet)

1. Hawthorne is a master of symbolism. In his novel The Scarlet Letter, the letter A is the biggest symbol, but it is ambiguous and there are different interpretations, such as adultery, able, angel, admirable, Arthur, America, etc. What is your interpretation about the symbol A? (Write about 200 words to comment on it. ): (20 points)

2. In Emily Brontë’s laceName>WutheringlaceName> laceType>HeightslaceType>, Heathcliff seems entirely wicked, or a criminal. Yet Emily Brontë manages him at least a sympathetic figure. Do you think he is a hero or a villain? Please write about 300 words to support your idea and compare the characters of Heathcliff and Mr Rochester in Jane Eyre. (30 points)

三 峡 大 学

2004年研究生入学考试试题

考试科目： 翻译理论与实践

（答案必须写在答题纸上）

I. Please fill in the blanks. (20%)

1. When considered from the perspective of Social Semiotics, translation is a cross-______, cross-______, ______ activity. According to Eugene A. Nida, translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the ______ ______ ______ of the source language message, first in terms of ______ and secondly in terms of ______.

2. According to British translation theorist Peter Newmark, language has six functions, namely, ______ function, ______ function, ______ function, ______ function, ______ function, and metalingual function.

3. As far as the syntax is concerned, Chinese features______, while English features______.

4. Translation in China has a long history of about ______ years. The first wave of translation activities began with the translation of ______ _____ by monks in the late Han Dynasty, from ______ into Chinese. In late Qing, ______, who didn’t know English at all, and his collaborator translated more than 160 literary works.

II Choose the better version in each of the following sentences, and give a brief explanation.(50%)

(1) The pianist got a good hand.

A. 钢琴演奏家得到一个好助手。

B. 钢琴演奏家赢得了热烈的鼓掌喝彩声。

Reasons_______

(2) It is a wise man that never makes mistake.

A. 聪明的人决不会犯大错误。

B. 无论怎样聪明的人都会犯错误。

Reasons_______

(3) He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.

他让法官战胜了父亲，判自己的儿子有罪

A. 法官的职责战胜了父子的私情，他判自己的儿子有罪。

Reasons:______

(2) Osborne was Sedley’s godson, and had been one of the family anytime these 23 years.

A. 奥斯本是塞特立的教子，二十三年来，这家子一向没把他当外人。

B. 奥斯本是塞特立的教子，二十三年来，他一直是家中的一员。

Reasons:______

(3) The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of yellows and greens.

A. 这座宝塔的屋顶是用黄绿相间的琉璃瓦盖成的

B. 这座宝塔的屋顶是用深浅不同的黄色和绿色琉璃瓦盖成的。

Reasons:______

(4) Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.

A. 我宁可死在他们的仇恨之下，也不愿意延长这可恨的生命而得不到你的爱。

B. 我宁可让仇恨结束生命，也不愿苟延残喘在这世上而得不到你的爱。

Reasons_______

(5) There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use, deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulgarism.

A. 现今日常社交中所用的大多数读音都有一个公认的统一标准。不符合这个标准，就被称为方言或粗俗发音。

B. 当今礼貌用语中所用的大多数读音都有一个公认的标准。用错这些礼貌用语就被称为地方主义或粗俗主义。

Reasons_____

(6) Man for the field and women for the hearth;

Man for the sword and for the needle she… ----Tennyson

A.男人适于农耕，女人适于家务； 男人宜于征战，女人宜于缝纫。

B.牛郎躬耕忙，荆钗理家瘦；飞骑赴戎机，红装织锦褛。

Reasons_____

(7) You compare her with your English-women who wolf down from three to five meat meals a day, and naturally you find Sally a sylph.

A. 你拿萨丽和你们英国女人比。她们每天狼吞虎咽地吃上三到五顿肉食。你当然发现她是个仙女了。

B. 你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃上三到五顿肉食，你拿萨丽和她们比，当然觉得她是个淑女了。

Reasons_______

Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing, but old Mr. Carr said