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查看完整版本:复旦微观经济学试题

andyyuok 2003-7-10 12:35

复旦微观经济学试题

1997年
一. 名词解释(12%)
1)生产规模 2)规模报酬 3)边际成本 4)替代产品 5)需求价格弹性
二. 分析计算(30%)
1) 已知生产函数为Q=KL—0.5L*L—0.32K*K,Q表示产量,K表示资本,L表示劳动。令式中
K=0,求:
A) 写出劳动的平均产量(APPu)函数和边际产量(MPPl)函数
B) 分别计算当总产量、平均产量和边际产量达到极大值时厂商雇佣的劳动
C) 求厂商上述条件下总产量、平均产量和边际产量的极大值
2) 请画出消费品的边际替代率(MRS)具有下述特征时的无差异曲线图,并解释每一图形为
什么具有这样的特点。
A) MRS递减
B) MRS递增
C) MRS为固定不边的常数
三. 简述题(30%)
1) 何谓边际效用递减规律?这一规律存在的基本原因为何?
2) 试述规模报酬递增含义及其存在的原因。
3) 试对比分析垄断竞争市场结构与完全竞争市场结构。
四. 论述题(20%)
试述完全竞争市场短期均衡的实现过程和特点。

andyyuok 2003-7-10 12:36

1998年
一. 名词解释(20%)
1)短期成本 2)经济租 3)双垄断 4)边际效应 5)吉芬商品
二. 简述题(24%)
1) 简述正常商品与吉芬商品的价格效应变化
2) 试述卡特尔的组织性质及其主要任务
3) 请比较处于完全竞争条件下企业的长期均衡与垄断条件下企业的长期均衡
三. 分析题(20%)
1) 下列变化时对录象机的需求会产生什么影响:
(1) VCD播放机价格下降
(2) 录象带出租店普及居民住宅区
(3) VCD播放机价格上升,但VCD影碟价格下降
(4) 居民收入水平提高
2)“因为处于垄断地位的企业可以任意提价,故企业应尽快扩大自己的规模成为垄断者”,
此命题对否?
四. 计算题(16%)
已知总成本函数TC=4Q*Q*Q—30Q*Q+90Q+60,自哪一点起TC及TVC遵循报酬递减规律
?并作图说明。
五. 论述题(20%)
试述机会成本在厂商投资决策中的作用及把握。

andyyuok 2003-7-10 12:36

1999年
一. 名词解释(共24分)
1)消费者剩余 2)边际效用 3)外在经济 4)恩格尔系数
二. 简述题(共36分)
1) 当产品x的替代品y的价格上升,会对x的需求产生什么影响?
2) 钻石用处极小而价格昂贵,生命必不可少的水却非常之便宜,请用边际效用的概念加以
解释。
3) 为什么需求的价格弹性较高,导致垄断竞争厂商进行非价格竞争?
三. 计算题(15分)
已知生产函数Q=20L+50K—6L*L—2K*K,Pl=15元,Pk=30元,Tc=660元。
其中:Q为产量,L与K分别为不同的生产要素投入,Pl与Pk分别为L和K的投入价格,Tc为生产
总成本,试求最优的生产要素组合。
四. 论述题(25分)
为什么市场均衡的一般条件是MC=MR?

andyyuok 2003-7-10 12:38

2000年
名词解释
吉芬商品 柯布——道格拉斯生产函数
规范分析 局部均衡
问答题
一一个企业主在考虑雇佣一个工人时在劳动的平均产量和边际产量种他更关心哪一个?
二 为什麽利润极大化原则MC=MR在完全竞争条件下可表达为MC=P?
三 为什摸完全垄断厂商制定三级差别价格时要假定分市场有不同的边际效益曲线?
三 计算题
一某消费者的效用函数有U=XY*Y*Y*Y,他会把收入的多少用于商品Y上?
三 已知某垄断者的成本函数为TC=0.5Q*Q+10Q产品的需求函数为P=90-0。5Q,计算利润为极大的产量,利润和价格

沉浮于世 2007-11-16 16:50

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">这是我到的 2002年的微观经济学</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1.(12%)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">解释下列概念</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">边际替代率</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">消费者剩余</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">自然垄断</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">风险中性</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12%</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)简要回答下列问题</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)对于“瓜子市场上有许多瓜子”这一现象,有人认为“瓜子品种太多,应减少”,有人认为“不应减少”,他们各自的主要理由是什么?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)当花生价格提高时,种花生的农民消费的花生是增加还是减少?说出你的理由。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">21%</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2002</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">政府决定每瓶白酒增收</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">0.5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">元的税,对此</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)画图说明这一政策使厂商的短期均衡会发生什么变化?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)画图说明长期均衡会有什么变化?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)如果白酒在短期内需求缺乏弹性,在长期内富于弹性,试比较增税后在短期与长期对消费者支付价格的影响。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">14%</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)厂商</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是价格领导者,总成本是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,厂商</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是价格接受者,总成本是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">0.5q,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">p</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">与</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">分别为两个厂商的产量,需求曲线是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q=100-10P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,其中价格</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是价格,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是需求量,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>1)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">厂商</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">实现利润最大化的产量水平是多少?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)价格应定为多少?行业的总产量是多少?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">20%</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)在成本不变的完全竞争行业中,典型厂商的长期总成本曲线为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">LTC=q^2-20*q+100 ,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">为厂商的年产量,市场需求函数为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q=5000-15P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">为行业年销售量,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">为价格,试计算</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)行业的长期均衡价格</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)长期均衡状态下该行业内厂商的数目</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)如果政府用公开拍卖营业执照的办法把行业内的厂商数目限制为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">个,那么每个厂商的均衡产量与价格各是多少?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)接</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)如果使获得执照的厂商的利润为零,每个执照的竞争价格是多少?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">21%</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)某电视公司在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">两城市拥有用户,需求函数分别是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">q=50-P,q=80-p</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">与</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">为两个城市的用户数,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">与</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">分别是相应的价格,电视公司的服务总成本为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">TC=500+30Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">为总用户数。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)试求该电视公司利润最大化时在每个城市的用户数与价格、</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)如果在一个城市可以接受另一城市的电视,因为只能有一个价格,试求这时的价格与用户数</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)上述两种情况,对电视公司来势哪一种有利?每个城市的消费者会作出什么评价?</span></p>
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